Resources: Waxen Seals

“When Sheepskin was an Anti-Fraud Device.” Medievalists.net. Accessed 14 May 2021. https://www.medievalists.net/2021/04/when-sheepskin-was-an-anti-fraud-device/.

Birch, Walter de Gray. History of Scottish Seals from the Eleventh to the Seventeenth Century, with Upwards of Two Hundred Illustrations Derived from the Finest and Most Interesting Examples Extant, Volume I. Stirling: Mackay; London: Fisher Unwin, 1905. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3fx7jd13.

Cole, Julia. "Sealed in the Past: An examination of the Uses and Characteristics of Wax Seals in Medieval Scotland." In Signed and Sealed: The Rise of the Charter in Medieval Scotland - Exhibition Catalogue, edited by Brenna Clark and Alex Wall, 23-34. University of Guelph, 2021. 

Durkan, John. “The Early Scottish Notary.” In The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland, edited by Ian B. Cowan and Duncan Shaw, 22-41. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1983.

Hughes, Aidan. "The Notary Public in Medieval Scotland." In Signed and Sealed: The Rise of the Charter in Medieval Scotland - Exhibition Catalogue, edited by Brenna Clark and Alex Wall, 69-80. University of Guelph, 2021. 

Neville, Cynthia J. "Women, Charters and Land Ownership in Scotland, 1150-1350." Journal of Legal History 26, no. 1 (2005): 21-46.

Neville, Cynthia J. “The Development of ‘Trust in Writing’: Written Documents and Seals in Scotland, 1100–1300.” In Land, Law and People in Medieval Scotland, 72-110. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.

New, Elizabeth A. “Reconsidering the Silent Majority: Non-Heraldic Personal Seals in Medieval Britain.” In A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, edited by Laura Whatley, 279-309. Leiden: Brill, 2019.

Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Woods Ed. of Sir Robert Douglass Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of That Kingdom. Edinburgh: D. Douglas, 1904.

Scott, W.W. “Scottish Legal History Group Report 2012: William Cranston, Notary Public c. 1395-1428 and some Contemporaries.” Journal of Legal History 34, no. 1 (2013): 83-84.

Vincent, Nicholas. “The Seals of King Henry II and His Court.” In Seals and their Context in the Middle Ages, edited by Phillipp R. Schofield, 7-34. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2015.

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